Formula
LTV = ARPU × Lifespan · Adjusted LTV = LTV × Gross Margin
FAQ
How do I estimate lifespan?
If you know monthly churn rate c, expected lifespan ≈ 1 ÷ c. With 4% monthly churn, that's about 25 months.
Should LTV be discounted?
For long lifespans and real investment decisions, yes — future money is worth less. For quick operational guidance, undiscounted is the common convention.